Title: PROTOTYPE COLUMN

Different traditions

Traditional holidays in different countries

The traditional holiday is celebrated differently in various countries. Can you correctly match the traditions?

Traditional holidays in transition

Have a look at how traditions associated with the traditional holiday have changed over the course of several centuries.

Q: What important differences can you identify in the way the traditional holiday was celebrated in the past compared to today? Note them down.
A: In the past, Halloween was often celebrated with community-based events, such as town-wide festivals and neighborhood parties, which focused on communal activities. Traditional activities included bobbing for apples, storytelling, and playing pranks. Costumes were generally homemade and often themed around folklore or supernatural beings. Today, Halloween has become more commercialized with a significant emphasis on store-bought costumes, extensive decorations, and mass-produced candy. Modern celebrations also include events like haunted houses, pumpkin carving contests, and themed parties, often influenced by pop culture. Additionally, the tradition of 'trick-or-treating' has evolved, with safety concerns leading to more organized and supervised environments like 'trunk-or-treat' events.

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A different side of the tradition

Now read the newspaper article on the following page. What problem is being addressed here?

Haunting Pollution: The Environmental Cost of Halloween

Each year, Halloween enthusiasts eagerly await October 31st to don their spookiest costumes and revel in festive fun. However, behind the vibrant masks and eerie decorations lies a haunting reality: the environmental toll of this beloved holiday. From excessive plastic waste to chemical-laden makeup, Halloween's environmental impact is frighteningly significant.

Bartenders dressed as Ghouls during Halloween in Budapest. Source: Christo, File:Budapest, BarCraft 2, Halloween, 23.jpg, CC BY-SA 4.0

With Americans spending an estimated $9.1 billion on Halloween merchandise in 2017, the holiday has turned into a massive consumer event. This surge in spending leads to an increase in single-use plastics, from candy wrappers to costume accessories, contributing to landfills and ocean pollution. Additionally, the rise in demand for fast fashion costumes exacerbates the already critical issue of textile waste.

Moreover, the environmental cost extends to Halloween makeup. Many products contain harmful chemicals that can seep into the skin and waterways, posing risks to both human health and aquatic life. As Halloween continues to grow in popularity, it is crucial to address these environmental concerns. Sustainable alternatives, such as homemade costumes and eco-friendly decorations, can help mitigate the negative impact of this festive tradition.

The haunting reality is clear: while Halloween brings joy and excitement, it also leaves behind a trail of environmental damage. By making conscious choices, we can ensure that our celebrations are not only fun but also eco-friendly, allowing future generations to enjoy the magic of Halloween without the ghastly environmental repercussions.

Discussion - Partner Work

Now prepare a discussion with role cards in partner work. One of you will take the pro position, and the other person will take the contra position. In addition to the arguments on the role cards, try to find other arguments for your position.

Discussion

Now have a discussion with your partner and try to convince them of your opinion.

Q: While Halloween is a popular and much-loved celebration, it has its drawbacks such as safety concerns, environmental impact from disposable costumes and decorations, and cultural appropriation issues. How can communities and individuals improve the way Halloween is celebrated to mitigate these negative aspects while still preserving the fun and spirit of the holiday?
A: To improve Halloween celebrations and mitigate negative aspects, communities and individuals can take several steps. Ensuring safety could involve organized community events, increased supervision, and promoting safer trick-or-treating routes. Environmental impact can be lessened by encouraging reusable, recycled, or DIY costumes and decorations, and organizing community efforts to clean up after festivities. Addressing cultural appropriation requires raising awareness and promoting respectful and inclusive costume choices. By making these changes, Halloween can continue to be an enjoyable event while minimizing its negative effects.

Further questions

Choose one of the following three questions, and answer them in a short text.

Q: Evaluate the historical origins of Halloween and discuss how its meaning and practices have evolved over time.
A: Halloween originated from the ancient Celtic festival of Samhain, which marked the end of the harvest season and the onset of winter. It was believed that during this time, the boundary between the living and the dead was blurred, allowing spirits to return to earth. Over time, Halloween has evolved to incorporate Christian and secular traditions, including All Saints' Day and modern-day trick-or-treating, costumes, and decorations. The holiday has shifted from a religious and spiritual event to a more commercial and community-focused celebration.

Q: Discuss the cultural significance of Halloween in contemporary society and how it varies across different regions and communities.
A: In contemporary society, Halloween is celebrated in various ways, reflecting cultural, social, and regional diversity. In the United States and Canada, it is a major holiday characterized by elaborate decorations, costume parties, and trick-or-treating. In contrast, some countries, like Mexico, celebrate Dia de los Muertos (Day of the Dead), which has different traditions and a distinct focus on honoring deceased loved ones. Halloween's significance can range from a fun, community-oriented event to a more solemn occasion, depending on cultural and historical contexts.

Q: Give your opinion on the commercialization of Halloween and its impact on traditional practices and cultural values.
A: The commercialization of Halloween has both positive and negative impacts. On one hand, it boosts economic activity, provides opportunities for creativity, and fosters community engagement through events like haunted houses and pumpkin festivals. On the other hand, the emphasis on consumerism can overshadow the holiday's historical and cultural significance, leading to a loss of traditional practices and values. In my opinion, while commercialization has expanded the holiday's reach and appeal, it's important to balance it with respect for its origins and cultural variations.