Historical personalities (intermediate level)

Queen Elizabeth II (1926–2022)

Queen Elizabeth II, born Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor on April 21, 1926, in Mayfair, London, was the longest-reigning British monarch. She ascended the throne on February 6, 1952, following the death of her father, King George VI, and reigned until her death on September 8, 2022.

Elizabeth's early life was shaped by the abdication crisis of 1936, which saw her father become king and her becoming the heir presumptive. She was home-schooled and undertook public duties during World War II, serving in the Auxiliary Territorial Service.

In 1947, Elizabeth married Philip Mountbatten, a former prince of Greece and Denmark. Their marriage lasted 73 years, producing four children: Charles, Anne, Andrew, and Edward. Elizabeth was crowned in 1953, marking the beginning of a reign that saw significant political changes, including the decolonization of Africa and the Caribbean, and the UK's joining and leaving the European Union.

Her reign, spanning 70 years, was marked by major events such as her Silver, Golden, Diamond, and Platinum jubilees. Despite facing challenges, including family scandals and criticisms, she maintained high public approval. Elizabeth met numerous world leaders, including five popes and fourteen US presidents, symbolizing her global influence.

Elizabeth's legacy includes her dedication to her role and her ability to adapt to changing times while maintaining the monarchy's stability. She passed away at Balmoral Castle at the age of 96, succeeded by her eldest son, Charles III. Her life and reign remain a significant chapter in British history.