Challenges and limits of the welfare state

Challenges and limits of the welfare state

Objective:

Learners deal with the principle of the welfare state and analyze its challenges and limitations. They understand how structural factors and individual life circumstances can lead to people remaining in precarious situations despite state support.

Content and methods:

Through the case history of one person, learners gain a realistic insight into the difficulties faced by socially disadvantaged people. They work out the causes of social hardship, reflect on the role of the welfare state and discuss its challenges based on current social developments. In addition to text analyses and reflection questions, they use interactive tasks to critically examine bureaucratic hurdles and economic constraints.

Competencies:

  • Develop an understanding of the basic principles of the welfare state
  • Critically analyze social security systems and their limits
  • Reflect on social justice and state responsibility
  • Promote empathy and social awareness

Target group and level:

 From grade 9

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62 other teachers use this template

Target group and level

From grade 9

Subjects

EconomicsPolitics

Challenges and limits of the welfare state

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Introduction

In this worksheet, you will learn about the welfare state principle and explore the limits and challenges associated with it. You will explore the fate of one person in order to develop a better understanding of the complex factors that can lead to emergency situations. Remember that this is just one example and that there are many different reasons why people get into difficult life situations and cannot find a way out.

Maria's Daily Struggle

The morning light filters through the thin curtains of Maria's small apartment, casting a pale glow on the worn-out furniture. She slowly rises from her bed, her joints aching with every movement. At 72 years old, Maria faces each day with a mixture of determination and dread. Her apartment, situated on the outskirts of the city, is poorly maintained, with peeling paint and a persistent dampness that adds to her ailments.

Maria's meager pension forces her to make impossible choices. Often, she must decide between buying her necessary medications or purchasing groceries. This daily struggle exacerbates her health issues and leaves her in a constant state of worry. As she shuffles to the kitchen, she checks her sparse pantry, hoping to stretch her food supplies for yet another day.

Her social interactions are limited, her friends having moved away or passed on, leaving her isolated. The days are long and lonely, punctuated only by her occasional visits to the doctor, where bureaucratic hurdles and long waiting times test her patience and strength. How could it have come to this?

📝 Task

How It Came to This

Maria was once a vibrant young woman with dreams and ambitions. She worked as a seamstress in a small tailoring shop, a job she loved and excelled at. The shop, however, faced the harsh realities of an evolving marketplace. Fast fashion and large retail chains began to dominate, pushing small businesses into oblivion. By the time Maria was 50, the shop had closed its doors, leaving her without employment.

The loss of her job marked the beginning of Maria's descent into hardship. Without a formal education, finding new employment was a daunting task. She had spent her life mastering a craft that was no longer in demand. Her specialized skills, once highly valued, had become obsolete in the face of mass production and changing consumer preferences. The search for a new job was fruitless, and her savings dwindled rapidly.

Maria's family background further complicated her situation. She came from a lineage of modest means, with parents who struggled to make ends meet. They were unable to provide her with higher education, which limited her career options. This generational cycle of financial instability meant that Maria had never been able to build a safety net. Her parents had passed away, and she had no siblings to rely on. Alone and vulnerable, Maria faced her financial troubles head-on, but the burden was overwhelming.

Her health began to deteriorate, compounding her problems. Years of physical labor took their toll on her body, leading to chronic pain and various ailments. With no job and no substantial income, Maria found herself unable to afford necessary medical treatments. Her meager pension barely covered her basic needs, let alone healthcare costs. The choice between buying medications and food became a stark, daily reality.

The living conditions in her small apartment added to her woes. Located on the outskirts of the city, the building was poorly maintained, with peeling paint and persistent dampness. These conditions exacerbated her health issues, making every day a struggle. The isolation of her location meant that social interactions were rare. Her friends had either moved away or passed on, leaving her isolated and lonely.

Maria's occasional visits to the doctor were fraught with bureaucratic hurdles and long waiting times. The system, overwhelmed and understaffed, tested her patience and strength. Each appointment was a reminder of how far she had fallen from her once stable life.

Now, at 72, Maria feels trapped in an endless cycle of despair. Her daily struggles have eroded any hope she once had for a better future. She believes that her situation is hopeless and that nothing will ever improve. The light filtering through her thin curtains each morning serves as a stark reminder of the life she once had and the harsh reality she now faces.

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The welfare state

How can it be that the person feels their situation is hopeless, even though they live in a country that sees itself as a welfare state? In the following sections, you will find out exactly what the welfare state principle means. Then you will think about why the person's situation might still seem hopeless despite these framework conditions.

🎬 Task

You can find out more about the welfare state in this video. Watch it and then answer the questions.

📝Select the correct answer from the options provided.

In the Shadow of the Welfare State: When Help Remains Out of Reach

Maria's struggle against old-age poverty unfolds like a labyrinthine thriller, her life a testament to the daunting challenges that lurk within the promises of a welfare state. Despite the safety net meant to catch her fall, she finds herself ensnared by bureaucratic intricacies and systemic inadequacies. The state's financial resources, though vast, seem perpetually out of reach, tangled in red tape and complex procedures that confound even the most determined of seekers. Maria, with her limited technological prowess and waning cognitive sharpness, finds herself adrift in this sea of forms and applications, each more bewildering than the last.

The principle of subsidiarity, intended to empower individuals, paradoxically binds her hands. It mandates that she exhaust all personal avenues of support before seeking aid, a cruel irony for someone whose social network has frayed over the years. Her children, scattered across distant cities, offer emotional solace but little practical help. Friends have either moved away or succumbed to the passage of time, leaving Maria isolated in her modest apartment, where the silence echoes her solitude.

Stigma lurks at every corner, a specter that deepens her isolation. Society's subtle judgments weigh heavily, casting shadows over her attempts to seek assistance. The perception of dependency carries an unspoken shame, discouraging her from pursuing the help she desperately needs. Maria's health problems, too, raise barriers that are all too real. Arthritis and hypertension tether her to a cycle of medical appointments and prescriptions, yet the state's healthcare system, with its labyrinthine procedures, seems designed to test her endurance rather than offer solace.

Access to information, a lifeline in navigating this complex system, remains elusive. The digital age, with its promise of connectivity, ironically widens the gap for those like Maria who struggle with technology. The state's resources, locked behind online portals and automated phone lines, remain tantalizingly out of reach, each attempt to connect a reminder of her estrangement from the modern world.

Maria's plight, unfolding in the shadow of a welfare state, is a poignant reminder that systemic reform, enhanced social services, and genuine community support are necessary to unravel the webs that bind her—and many like her—in a cycle of poverty and isolation.

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Challenges of the welfare state

The welfare state provides for people in precarious situations like the person in our example to receive support. However, the state faces major challenges. You can find out more about the challenges facing the welfare state in the newspaper article on the following page.

The Silver Tsunami: Navigating the Challenges of an Aging Population

As the world grapples with the phenomenon of population ageing, economists are increasingly concerned about the social, political, and economic implications of this demographic shift. The median age is rising globally, driven by declining fertility rates and increased longevity. This trend, first observed in developed nations, is now accelerating in developing countries, presenting unique challenges and opportunities.

World population pyramid from 1950 to 2100 (projected). Source: Max Roser from OurWorldinData.org

Economically, the aging population is reshaping labor markets and fiscal policies. With a higher proportion of elderly, the demand for healthcare and pensions is soaring, placing a strain on public finances. Governments face tough decisions on whether to increase taxes or reduce spending, particularly in healthcare. Moreover, the shift from a demographic dividend to a demographic deficit means fewer workers supporting more retirees, challenging productivity and economic growth.

Socially, the aging population demands a reevaluation of societal roles and support systems. The concept of "active aging" is gaining traction, encouraging older adults to remain engaged and productive. Yet, disparities in access to resources and services persist, exacerbating inequalities. Local governments are tasked with adapting infrastructure to meet the needs of their aging citizens, from transportation to housing.

Politically, the aging population influences policy priorities and electoral dynamics. Older voters often have distinct preferences, impacting decisions on healthcare, pensions, and immigration. As nations navigate these challenges, innovative solutions are required to harness the potential of an aging society, ensuring that the silver tsunami becomes a wave of opportunity rather than a crisis.

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